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Energy saving.The effectiveness of the use of energy resources.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas of policy and companies that focus on dynamic development, both in terms of cost reduction in their own production of the main products, and in accordance with the general orientation of government programs aimed at reducing charges on capacity production.Energy conservation is one of the most important tasks for any business that was particularly confronted with companies now during the economic crisis.The technological and economic characteristics of the centralized heat supply of consumers are directly linked to the thermal energy of the subject.However, it is not the only factor that affects details.Effective energy conservation can considerably reduce the cost of production and, therefore, increase its competitiveness on the markets.

Energy savings

There are a large number of various methods to increase the rational use of existing resources and energy capacities.And the sooner the company will begin to introduce energy saving technologies, the more it will quickly feel the positive effect of these events, which will be expressed in specific financial indicators."On energy conservation and increased energy efficiency and changes to certain legislative acts."The law poses the tasks of implementing measures to reduce energy costs, namely:

  • From January 1, 2010, a budget institution is required to ensure a decrease in the comparable conditions of the volume of water consumed by IT, natural gas, fuel milk, diesel and other fuel, thermal energy, electrical energy over five years of at least fifteen percent of the volume it had really consumed in 2009;
  • Until January 01, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, during the operation of energy resources are used, are necessary to complete the equipment of these objects by putting water measures used, natural gas, thermal energy, electrical energy, as well as the commissioning of installed recruitment devices;
  • Until May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the State, including state and municipal institutions, are required to accept energy conservation programs and increase energy efficiency;
  • Organizations with the participation of the State, including state and municipal institutions, are forced to organize and carry out the first energy examination until December 31, 2012, subsequent energy surveys - at least once every five years.

The safeguarding of energy as a means of providing the growing need for energy and energy resources is 2 to 5 times more profitable than the construction of new capacities for the production of thermal and electric energy for the same purposes.For our population, the high growth rate of internal energy prices and energy raw materials to support and develop the fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, because labor productivity and level of payment are several times lower than those of the most developed countries.Price growth rates should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation will increase in the country as the cost of energy carriers increases.The fragmented global economic crisis, which has captured the world almost without trace, attached particular importance to the increase in energy efficiency, because each ruble invested in the production of very effective equipment creates 8 times more jobs than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of an effective increase in energy in the country's economy should consist of 4 parts:

  • energy conservation programs;
  • Stabilization of energy prices (for which trust and interdependence must be ensured between manufacturers, consumers and energy resources transitors);
  • Increase the role of atomic and non -traditional renewable energies;
  • Development of new energy technologies.

In recent years, radical changes have occurred in our country, which require a change of approaches and psychology, making fundamentally new decisions.The most important of them include: a) a cardinal change in the legal field;b) continuous liberalization in the electrical industry and the gas industry;c) Implementation of national projects;d) the emergence of a global systemic deficiency in energy capacities and the capacity of the network economy;e) Restrictions on hydrocarbons.

The effectiveness of the use of energy resources

Large modern companies want to reduce the cost of products to attract customers.And to reduce the cost, the whole production chain must be reorganized, the effectiveness of the use of energy resources is verified.This is very important because various energy resources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.For more effective use, there are different methods.First of all, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the economy of electricity, that is to say that workers are not interested in the economic use of resources.Another problem is the non-preparation of business managers to reorganize the entire production process for the effective use of energy resources.Thus, the process of reducing energy costs is carried out in different ways:

  • reorganization of the company and all production;
  • Progressive reconstruction of the production process;
  • Determine the potential of energy conservation;
  • the implementation of programs for the effective use of energy resources;
  • Periodic technological survey of companies.

In large companies with their energy conservation specialists, energy audit programs are compiled alone with the involvement of experts in regional energy conservation centers.In small and medium -sized companies, energy audit programs are developed by specialists in regional or republican energy conservation centers.These programs should have several steps:

Evaluation of the energy conservation potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of the energy consumption of all major energy consumers, workshops and the whole company for at least 5 years preceding the year examined is carried out.The data is processed on a computer and mathematical energy consumption models are built.These are necessary to take into account the dependence of energy consumption on performance, temperature, quality of raw materials, etc.After dealing with the survey results, the databases are created, including the following information:

  • Consumption of basic energy resources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolute and specific, attributed to the unit of the main types of products;
  • Consumption of basic energy resources for attitudes, workshops and similar companies in this industry abroad (helps to establish a situation with energy consumption in the company analyzed: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • The potential of energy conservation, expressed in natural calculation (KW · H, GJ, T) and monetary;
  • The main ways to reduce energy expenditure in similar national and foreign companies (realization methods, costs, recovery periods, etc.).

Often, a control exam makes it possible to identify the reserves of immediate energy savings (for example, an inappropriate operation of the electric lighting, a low load of equipment, large thermal and electric losses, etc.).In most cases, control survey data is necessary to develop an energy saving strategy.Organization of energy consumption accounting.Studies show that the correct organization of energy consumption accounts can save 5 ... 10% of energy resources without additional measures.The best result is obtained during the organization of an energy center in the company, which contains a central computer with appropriate software, a network of transmission data on energy consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the company scale and the energy consumption values, these elements of the energy center must be selected.Thus, for large companies (metallurgical, chemical, automotive), it is economically advised to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software suitable for small businesses.Thus, the organization of control over the consumption of energy resources is the first and the most important step towards their rational management:

  • the identification of workshops and sections that avenge energy resources within the company;
  • A detailed audit of the accounts issued by the company with energy supply organizations;
  • Identify the most efficient operating modes and keep these modes for as much time as possible;
  • A strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of various energy saving measures in natural terms (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and monetary.

Development and implementation of measures to reduce the consumption of TED. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial factories and the methods of their operation, the potential energy conservation capacities are similar.They can be grouped in the following categories:

  • Operating and maintenance strategy;
  • Modernization strategy of equipment and technological processes;
  • The strategy for replacing the existing equipment by a new gain in high energy intensity and the introduction of new technologies.

For example, the company's current energy consumption is accepted for the initial state before the implementation of the energy conservation program.Then, on the basis of the analysis of existing capacities, control figures are established to reduce energy consumption at the end of each stage of the energy conservation program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of the motivation of business staff to implement it.Information on the energy conservation program should be in an accessible form provided to all the artists who participate.All the executors of the program should know that they will receive a real reward in the implementation of its stages.During the development of energy saving measures on PP, it must be remembered that there are the following areas of savings:

  • Save TER by improving energy supply;
  • Save by improving energy.

These measures are developed by electrical engineers.The main ones are:

The right choice of energy carriers.Each process requires such an energy carrier which provides the greatest energy and economic effect.For example, for ovens and heating factories, direct use of fuel and electric heating must be compared;For the blacksmith and the pressure of electricity, compressed air and steam (if it is available in the company).The type of energy is chosen by comparing the options and analyzing the following factors in depth:

  • technology requirements (change in product quality, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
  • Economic differences in the design and operating conditions of the equipment;
  • Comparative energy costs;
  • the availability of the necessary equipment;
  • the period required to replace the equipment;
  • The economic effect of using the worm, the cost of environmental measures.

The costs of the options considered are determined by the expression z = emergency + IP + Eudpzud.e - σδzI,,

where KP is the capital costs of this technological installation without taking into account the costs of the installation of VER;IP - Operational costs without the energy component;EUD - Specific consumption of energy resources;P - Annual production of products;ZUD - Specific energy costs above;I - The effect of using ver.For current companies, an assessment of compared options for current energy rates is authorized if the costs of events are covered by the works fund.

  1. Reduce the number of energy transformations.Since each transformation of energy is associated with losses, the less the transformations are coherent than the energy undergoes, the higher the general efficiency.It is economically, for example, it is advisable to replace compressed air with electricity wherever it is possible according to technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy saving schemes.The plant's energy conservation scheme is a complex complex in which individual energy carriers are interdependent and often interchangeable.The development of a complete food scheme, linked to technology and taking into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy carriers, will reveal the savings reserves and show the sequence of their implementation.
  3. Automation of energy supply units.This includes measures such as the automation of heating units, boiler units, substations and introduction of television and automatic control of the energy parameters of various engines and assemblies.
  4. Improvement of the quality of energy resources.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfuré, ash, quality of electricity, etc.) leads to deterioration in product quality and excessive treatment of energy resources.

Thermal energy losses are classified as technology;commercial;emergency.This indicator is calculated in the company for a heating season, taking into account production costs and climatic conditions last year.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of the networks, the temperature graphics, the pressure, the atmospheric temperature.